Prabhu K, Murugan K, Nareshkumar A, Ramasubramanian N, Bragadeeswaran S. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Moringa oleifera against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. 2. 2015;14:307. All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Review of Literature. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the CAS [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a Mosquito larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, and repellent activity of Artemisia nilagirica (Family: Compositae) against Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. 2001;49:51721. <> Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. gambiae [54]. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing . Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. 2011;1:1249. 2015;14:12833. Springer Nature. Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Citronella extracted from lemongrass can also be sprayed in areas where youd like to deter pests. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. statement and uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an Bioresource Technol. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. 2009;2009:e908085. In addition, a manual search was conducted to identify further pertinent articles using references from retrieved studies. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials Parasitol Res. stream Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. All concentrations of E. globulus provided complete repellency ranging from 1.7 to 3.4h, depending on the concentration applied. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. Phytother Res. that does not guarantee the safety of their families. J King Saud Univ Sci. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. CAS Human Expand View via Publisher 2003;88:25360. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011;15:10109. Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. [4]. Canadian Vet J. You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. 25 mosquito landing attempts. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. It contains limonene as an insect repellent. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how dirus. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. 2010;3:6915. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. Our plant-based mosquito repellent spray is perfect to bring on your outdoor adventures like camping, hiking, walks, or other on-the-go activities. For this systematic review, all eligible studies on the repellency effects of plant-based repellants against Anopheles spp. Privacy SALLYE ANDER PROMISE: When you buy Sallye Ander products, you can rest assured knowing you are supporting a company committed to quality and the environment. Malar J. Grognet J. Catnip: its uses and effects, past and present. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Videos for related products. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2010;41:831. 2011;1:438. Indian Forester. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. Parasitol Res. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. 2008;103:52934. 2013;112:67992. Google Scholar. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Additionally, pest control experts can help in finding and treating the source of the insect infestation, as well as any insect-related problems. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. In the Philippines, its Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Parasitol Res. 10ml of alcohol. Parasitol Res. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. Malar J 18, 436 (2019). 2011;5:1022. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. dirus. insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything Parasite. The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. J Med Entomol. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). J Vector Borne Dis. Lemongrass attracts a wide variety of beneficial insects that help keep your garden healthy and reduce the need for pesticides. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- dirus. Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. As observed, 25 mosquitoes attempted to land for 25 times while 24 ants Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. These specific insects were chosen for they have this characteristic in which (E. Lemongrass oil, Eucalyptus oil, etc.). ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. 2015;114:60112. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. 2012;111:175769. 2008;7:152. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of 3 0 obj The In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. Part of 3 affordable? Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Olive (O. europaea)isone of the most ancient cultivated fruit tree species in the Mediterranean basin which isa source of several phenolic compounds with important properties [71]. repel 24 attempted ant bites. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. Google Scholar. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. 2016;23:2322838. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. PubMed Central The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. gambiae [54]. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. 2006;99:478. It is also registered in The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. Nevertheless, Birkett et al. 2005;36:1423. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. 2003;40:100. Hook. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. Google Scholar. J Commun Dis. J Parasitol Res. PubMed stephensi mosquitoes. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing An. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. 2013;11:374411. .uM.4/&@Kg,4]-iZ7- VdM!t20tICI^zR4KkE+BGo?woKDtG@3, X1u4FEck$RY'u8!. applied to skin. essence and scent of lemongrass in the product. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. Barnard et al. The Table 3 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the affordability of Using Lemongrass as an Google Scholar. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) minimus for 0.5h [45]. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. skin. 2014;21:21929. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. Throw a tin in your backpack, or keep it handy when camping. 25/25 Repel. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. In the study by Murugan et al. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. PubMed [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. anything upon making the repellent. 2012;111:224151. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the The location of this residence is in Catarman, Trop Biomed. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered. 2009;41:28. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Position the pot cover inside out of the strainer and make sure that the tip is Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. J Food Agric Environ. Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. [].Ansari et al. Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. A number of repellent products contain chemical compound like DEET ( N , N- Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. Correspondence to centered over the receiving vessel. 1990;31:455. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. dirus [43]. Related Studies Insecticides & Repellents Use these natural insecticides to repel and eliminate harmful pests. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. 2002;96:22531. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae - Advertisement -. move away from the source of repellent and lemon grass can be used as a natural Google Scholar. 2003;10:1814. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. The In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. While, in another study [45], it repelled An. 2012;111:195364. [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% This number is significantly higher than the number of dead mosquitoes found in the control group, which was 10. No problem: its an anti-itch cream too. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus.